ESTABLİSHMENT OF RUSSİAN DOMİNATİON İN SMALLEST AND MİDDLE HORDE KAZAKH KHANATE

Abstract

Abstract The Kazakhs, who emerged as a people in the XV century, became the most powerful state of Desht-i Kipchak during the reign of Kasim Khan (1511-1521). During the periods of strong dominion khans such as Kasim Khan, the Kazakh Khanate maintained its strength against its internal and external enemies. But the growing strength of the Kalmyks caused the Kazakhs to fight for survival in both the east and the west. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Kazakh Khanate period came to an end due to the Jungars, who sent all their power to the Kazakhs. As a result of the Kalmyk wars, the Kazakhs migrated to the Russian and Khiva border lines. In addition to this situation, the struggle for dominance among the Kazakh khans pushed the Kazakh Khans to accept Russian domination. They were organized in the form of three Hordes, which is unknown when it was founded in the Kazakhs. The local independence of the Horde khans gained legal status in the XVIII century with the Seven jurisdictions of the Tauka Khan. The local independence of the Horde khans turned into a struggle to become the khan of all Kazakhs. The purpose of writing the article is to reveal the establishment of Russian domination over the Small and Middle Hordes, which are the administrative groups of the Kazakhs. In the article, the acceptance of the Small Horde, which was on the Russian border, to Russian domination and the establishment of Russian domination over the Middle Horde Kazakhs were recorded. The path of the Smallest Horde Kazak Khan, Abul-Khayr Khan, to the acceptance of Russian domination, and the mixed state of the Middle Horde-Russia relations between 1730 and 1740, and the establishment of relations in favor of Russia continued. In addition, the establishment and importance of Orenburg, which is the center of Kazakh-Russian relations, was recorded.